Surgical kits for the individual practitioner disappeared from catalog pages, making way for larger surgical equipment designed for use in hospitals and medical centers. Throughout the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, much of patient care occurred in the home.
Physicians, especially in rural areas, made house calls to their patients. Many people did not generally seek medical assistance until they experienced an illness that did not resolve on its own or with home remedies.
Many tools typically associated with primary care first came into usage in the nineteenth century, including the stethoscope, thermometer, and otoscope. Doctors needed a reliable means to carry this ever-growing list of diagnostic tools to the homes of their patients. Home visits and mobile clinics formed a core component of this developing model of preventative care. Prior to mids, physicians in ancient Greek and Rome used thin hollow tools to inject fluids into the body. These injections were often painful and could lead to infection from the rather large wound, comparative to modern needles.
The hypodermic needle as we know it today was invented by Charles Pravaz and Alexander Wood sometime around These needles were — and are — incredibly narrow and sharp, allowing medication to be administered accurately, with minimal pain and a much lower risk of infection or contamination. It is two Australian scientists that we have to thank for this invention.
Mark C. Hill and physicist Edgar H. Booth put their prototype to work in , and their setup was rather rudimentary. Consultant Dr Jagdish Chaturvedi is not your typical healthcare professional.
He's also an entrepreneur. Since , Bangalore-based Dr Chaturvedi, has co-invented 18 medical devices to help address inefficiencies he's spotted in the Indian healthcare system. And he's part of a growing band of professionals who are using their frustrations at work to come up with money-making ideas to solve their problems.
He came up with his first idea before he even qualified in when he was still training to be a doctor. Now a fully qualified ear, nose and throat ENT specialist he remembers the rudimentary conditions in rural India where he learned his craft.
So he came up with the idea of a portable ENT endoscope with a digital camera attached. But he found that being an entrepreneur was very different from being a doctor. He got full backing from senior professors in the ENT department which was vital as he was missing training days to get out and meet investors.
His colleagues had to pick up his work load which, unsurprisingly, caused resentment. Whilst the ENT endoscopy device was being developed - it launched in - Dr Chaturvedi applied to study biodesign at Stanford University in the US as part of a fellowship funded by the Indian government. On his return, he set up a company focused on bringing more medical devices to market, including a tool to help chronic sinusitis, and a nasal foreign body extractor.
As though that wasn't enough, he also has a sideline as a stand-up comedian, performing a handful of shows a month. You like to think of yourself as the Thomas Edison of the 21st century. You are fascinated by the man who gave the world useful inventions like recorded sound, the motion picture, electric lighting, and systems for generating and distributing electrical power. Although curious and very bright, you did not do well in school, earning only average grades.
Like Edison himself and other creative people, you were frequently at odds with your teachers. Instead of applying your efforts to rote learning and busywork in order to please your teachers, you enjoyed tinkering with gadgets and started inventing at a very early age. You left college after three years to start your own company to manufacture and market the medical device. Your invention was well accepted by the medical community in such diverse specialties as chemotherapy, endocrinology, and neonatology.
Your company thrived. When you were 30, you sold your company to a large medical supplier.
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