What is gtld

She said, "The rationale is that there's a shortage of domain names She concluded her testimony with the saying, "If it ain't broke, don't fix it! As a representative of the U. She emphasized that the GAC developed a "scorecard" to address the different issues raised by governments, which include:. Alexander strongly emphasized NTIA's support of ICANN's multistakeholder model of internet governance and dedication to maintaining the open Internet to promote economic growth, innovation and the free flow of information, products and services online.

Kurt Pritz testified to the Senate committee that the introduction of new gTLDs has been one of the mandates of the Internet governing body since its establishment. Pritz pointed out that the new gTLD program was developed through the multistakeholder process; global internet stakeholders including brand and trademark owners, domain name registries, registrars, registrants, governments, law enforcement agencies, governments, not-for-profit organizations, etc.

He concluded his testimony by reiterating that the "ICANN community worked tirelessly to create the new gTLD program to promote competition and innovation The questions of the legislators were centered on the following issues: [45].

Any objections should be filed to one of the three independent dispute resolution providers approved by ICANN, including the International Centre for Dispute Resolution string confusion objections , WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center legal rights objections , and the International Chamber of Commerce-International Center of Expertise limited public interest and community objections. Moreover, Pritz also emphasized the appointment of an Independent Objector , whose responsibility will be to review applications on behalf of the public interest and to file an objection if necessary.

ICANN involved the global internet community in an open, inclusive and transparent implementation process to comment, review and provide their input toward creating the Applicant Guidebook for New gTLDs.

The protection of intellectual property, community interests, consumer protection, and DNS stability were addressed during the process. Different versions and multiple drafts of the Applicant Guidebook were released in After ICANN published information on its 1, applications in the third round of gTLD expansion "The New gTLD Program" it was immediately noted that some companies had applied for a number of generic terms relevant to their business, writing in their applications that they intended to be the sole registrant for the TLD.

Thus, the closed generic terms violated no rules as developed through the GNSO process and as included in the Applicant Guidebook. Some noted that this was in fact an intentional byproduct of the program that had been considered while others disagreed. In September , an influential consumer advocacy group, Consumer Watchdog, sent a letter to U. Consumer Watchdog is upset over both Google and Amazon's plans to acquire generic TLDs and then to restrict them only for their own use.

The letter states: "If these applications are granted, large parts of the Internet would be privatized. To obtain an internet address with a sponsored TLD , certain requirements must be fulfilled. These conditions are determined by the sponsors companies or organizations that are also responsible for monitoring guidelines and general management of their TLD. Some examples of sponsored domain extensions are.

The non-sponsored TLDs , on the other hand, are monitored and managed centrally. When the first non-sponsored TLDs were introduced, it was originally planned for them only to be purchased under certain conditions. Like sponsored gTLDs, they should denote a clear frame of reference for websites:. These plans, however, were gradually dropped and now almost every non-sponsored gTLD is available for individuals, businesses, organizations, etc. Due to the mass approval of new TLDs, there is now a large amount of generic domain extensions that is hard to overlook.

The two tables below provide an overview of classic generic top-level domains , divided into sponsored and non-sponsored categories. Get found with your own domain. Build trust with your own email address. Reach visitors with your own website. Organizations of the educational system limited to US educational institutions since Generic top-level domains represent an important technical cornerstone for the internet and have existed since the beginning of the web.

The application process will not be the same. The GNSO recommendations are intended to create a standing policy to guide the opening of a gTLD application round as well as the continuing procedures.

Although this new implementation may share some similarities to the previous rounds, they are not identical. ICANN is conducting global public outreach to educate the community on what their responsibilities are, as well as what the formal objection mechanism and timeline is, before the program launches. ICANN will publish the list of all applications received after the application submission period closes, and will continue to publicize the objection process and deadlines.

Approximately 2 weeks after the close of the application window, ICANN will post the public portions of all applications on its website. Any established public or private organization that meets eligibility requirements anywhere in the world can apply to create and operate a new gTLD Registry.

Applicants will need to demonstrate the operational, technical and financial capability to run a registry and comply with additional specific requirements. Any established public or private organization anywhere in the world can apply to create and operate a new generic Top-Level Domain gTLD registry.

Please refer to the Applicant Guidebook for detail information on the application process, including the application questions in Module 2, attachment 2. Please note that applying for a new gTLD is not the same as buying a domain name.

The deposit will be credited against the evaluation fee. Other fees may apply depending on the specific application path. See the section 1. For example, an application for a string composed entirely of numbers will be rejected.

There is also a list of reserved gTLD names that are unavailable for general use. Furthermore, applicants for a gTLD that is a geographic name must meet additional requirements. All the specific restrictions are outlined in section 2. One of the reasons ICANN is opening the top-level space is to allow for competition and innovation in the marketplace. The application process requires applicants to provide a detailed plan for the launch and operation of the proposed gTLD.

The application window is expected to open on 12 January and close on 12 April Applicants will use a dedicated web-based application interface named TLD Application System TAS to apply, where they will answer questions and upload supporting documents.

TAS will only be available when the application window opens. First let's define the "evaluation process" as starting at the point when the application window closes. There are several stages that an application may pass through prior to a final determination being rendered. The shortest path for a successful application is to pass Administrative Check lasting 2 months , Initial Evaluation lasting 5 months and then move to Pre-delegation lasting approximately 2 months without any Objections filed or String Contention concerns.

In this case the evaluation process could take as little as 9 months to complete. Please refer to Section 1. Independent, third-party, expert panels will evaluate applications against criteria and requirements outlined in the Applicant Guidebook. Each domain name must be unique. If there are two or more applications for the same string, the String Contention procedures would come into effect.

The same would apply in cases where two or more strings are considered to be confusingly similar. Applicants always have the opportunity to resolve contention by a mutually agreeable settlement amongst themselves.

If an applicant applies for. Applicants should note carefully that the application process is currently designed to not allow two strings that are "confusingly similar" to each other to both be delegated into the DNS — please refer to the full text of the Applicant Guidebook for details. If both applications were approved, they would result in two separate TLDs. Each application will be treated individually and there is no discount on application fees based upon the filing of multiple applications.

Applications for strings that are country or territory names will not be approved, as they are not available under the New gTLD Program. Once an application is deemed to satisfy the criteria outlined in the Applicant Guidebook and passes all evaluation and selection processes, including objection processes and final approval, the applicant is required to execute a registry agreement with ICANN and pass technical pre-delegation tests before the new gTLD can be delegated to the root zone. Refer to Module 5 of the Applicant Guidebook for information on the transition to delegation processes.

If the volume of applications exceeds expectations, applications will be processed in batches. The first batch will be limited to applications and subsequent batches will be limited to to account for capacity limitations due to managing extended evaluation, string contention, and other processes associated with each previous batch.

Depending on what batch you are assigned to, it will then follow the timeline outlined in section 1. Each applied-for gTLD string requires its own application. By clicking sign up, you agree to receive emails from Techopedia and agree to our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Examples of of well-known gTLDs are com, org, info, net, and biz. Generic and restricted TLDs created during the early DNS days require proof of eligibility for domain name registration.

These TLDs are gov, mil, int and edu. New TLDs, like "ninja" and "unicorn," are examples. Esther Dyson, an ICANN co-founder, stated that this expansion will create jobs for marketers and lawyers but serve minimal additional value.