Treatment for hydronephrosis depends on the underlying cause. Although surgery is sometimes needed, hydronephrosis often resolves on its own. Left untreated, severe hydronephrosis can lead to permanent kidney damage. Rarely, it can cause kidney failure. But hydronephrosis typically affects only one kidney and the other kidney can do the work for both.
Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. This content does not have an English version. This content does not have an Arabic version. Hydronephrosis Hydronephrosis Open pop-up dialog box Close. Because BPH is so common in older men, obstruction is more common among men.
Other common causes of obstruction include strictures Urethral Stricture A urethral stricture is scarring that narrows the urethra. A urethral stricture may be Present from birth Develop after an infection or injury A urethral stricture most commonly results from Disorders of the muscles or nerves in the ureter or bladder such as due to drugs that have anticholinergic effects [see Anticholinergic: What Does It Mean?
Anticholinergic: What Does It Mean? Drugs, the most common medical intervention, are an important part of medical care for older people. Without drugs, many older people would function less well or die at an earlier age.
Formation of fibrous scar tissue in or around the ureter resulting from surgery, radiation therapy, or drugs especially methysergide. Hydronephrosis of both kidneys can occur during pregnancy as the enlarging uterus compresses the ureters. Hormonal changes during pregnancy may worsen the problem by reducing the muscular contractions that normally move urine down the ureters.
This condition, commonly called hydronephrosis of pregnancy, usually resolves when the pregnancy ends, although the renal pelvis and ureters may remain somewhat distended afterward. Symptoms depend on the cause, location, and duration of the obstruction. If the kidney is distended, renal colic can develop. Renal colic is an excruciating pain between the ribs and hip on the affected side that comes and goes every few minutes.
The pain may extend into a testis or the vaginal area. People may have nausea and vomiting. Obstruction of one ureter does not reduce how much people urinate. Obstruction can stop or reduce urination if blockage affects the ureters from both kidneys or if it affects the urethra. Obstruction of the urethra or bladder outlet may cause pain, pressure, and distention of the bladder.
People who have slowly progressive obstruction that causes hydronephrosis may have no symptoms, or they may have attacks of dull, aching discomfort in the flank the part of the back between the lower end of the ribs and the spine on the affected side. Sometimes, a kidney stone temporarily blocks the ureter and causes pain that occurs intermittently. Obstruction that leads to hydronephrosis may cause vague digestive tract symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.
These symptoms sometimes occur in children when hydronephrosis results from a birth defect in which the junction of the ureter and renal pelvis is too narrow ureteropelvic junction obstruction. People who have urinary tract infections Overview of Urinary Tract Infections UTIs In healthy people, urine in the bladder is sterile—no bacteria or other infectious organisms are present.
The tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body urethra contains no bacteria Early diagnosis is important, because most cases of obstruction can be corrected and because a delay in treatment can lead to irreversible kidney damage. A distended kidney can rarely be felt in the flank, usually if the kidney is greatly enlarged in an infant or a child or a thin adult. A distended bladder can sometimes be felt in the lower part of the abdomen just above the pubic bone.
Bladder catheterization insertion of a hollow, soft tube through the urethra is often the first diagnostic test done in people with symptoms that suggest the bladder is distended, such as pelvic pressure or distention. If the catheter drains a large amount of urine from the bladder, then either the bladder outlet or the urethra is obstructed.
Urinary reflux does not have any symptoms. However, urinary tract infections, which can result from urinary reflux, can cause:. If your child has any of these symptoms, take them to a GP doctor so that simple tests for urinary reflux can be performed. A family history of urinary reflux can indicate that someone may be at higher risk of developing urinary reflux.
Most children who have urinary reflux do not need treatment, but may need to see their doctor regularly. However, some children who have urinary reflux may be advised to take an antibiotic every day to prevent further urinary tract infections, especially very young children or children with other problems with their kidneys or urinary tract. For children who have had infections, the tests your child receives will depend on their age, how many infections they have had and how bad the infections have been.
In order to find reflux, an x-ray called a voiding cystourethrogram also called a micturating cystourethrogram or MCUG for short is needed. Most children being tested for urinary reflux will have an ultrasound of the kidneys and bladder. This is a painless test that gives the doctor a good look at the kidneys and bladder. By doing this, structural abnormalities can be detected, which may indicate urinary reflux although urinary reflux itself does not show.
This liquid shows up on an x-ray and gives a good view of the bladder. X-rays normal x-rays or sometimes a nuclear medicine scan or special ultrasound are taken as your child passes urine. If the liquid is seen on x-ray to pass up the ureters towards the kidney then your child has reflux. Reflux is graded from grade 1 mild to grade 5 severe. Your doctor will discuss the degree of reflux seen on the x-rays with you and your child.
Page last reviewed: 11 July Next review due: 11 July Causes of hydronephrosis in babies Sometimes it's not clear why hydronephrosis develops in unborn babies antenatal hydronephrosis. In some cases, it can be caused by: a blockage or narrowing in the urinary tract — this is sometimes caused by the growth of excess tissue, but often there's no clear cause vesicoureteral reflux — where the valve that controls the flow of urine between the bladder and the ureters does not function properly, allowing urine to flow back up to the kidneys These problems will often get better on their own, although occasionally your baby may need to have surgery to correct them.
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